Paper
Sense
of tourism
Tourism
is the travel for recreation, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration.
Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer
to travel to another location within the same country. The World Tourism
Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying
in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive
year for leisure, business and other purposes".
Meaning of
tourism
Tourism is the practice of
travelling for pleasure or the business of offering information,
accommodations, transportation and other services to tourists. This word was
first documented between 1805 and 1815.
The porpuse of tourism
- To promote tourism in a
country. Countries want tourists and if a lot of them
- come it will help the economy
and create jobs. A tourism agency will help achieve this. It will also
bring a higher profile to the country which will have many other advantages.
TOURISM IN INDONESIA
Tourism in Indonesi is an important component of the Indonesian
economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues. The
vast country of sprawling archipelago has much to offer; from natural beauty,
historical heritage to cultural diversity. In 2012 the tourism sector
contributes to around US$9 billion of foreign exchange, and is estimated will
surpassed US$10 billion in 2013. The tourism sector ranked as the 4th largest
among goods and services export sectors.
In year 2012, 8,044,462 international visitors entered
Indonesia, staying in hotels for an average of 7.70 nights and spending an
average of US$1,133.81 per person during their visit, or US$147.22 per person
per day. Singapore, Malaysia, China, Australia, and Japan are the
top five source of visitors to Indonesia.
Overview
borobudur is
the single most visited tourist attraction in Indonesia 3 Both nature and
culture are major components of Indonesian tourism The natural heritage
can boast a unique combination of a tropical climate, a vast archipelago of 17,508 islands, 6,000 of them
being inhabited, the third longest shoreline in the
world (54,716 km) after Canada and the European Union. It is the worlds largest and most
populous country situated only on islands. The beaches in Bali, diving sites in Bunaken, Mount Bromo in East Java, Lake Toba and various national parks in Sumatra are just a few examples of popular
scenic destinations. These natural attractions are complemented by a rich
cultural heritage that reflects Indonesia's dynamic history and ethnic
diversity. One fact that exemplifies this richness is that 719 living languages are used across the archipelago. The ancient Prambanan and Borobudur temples, Toraja, Yogyakarta, Minangkabau, and of course Bali, with its many Hindu festivities, are some of the popular destinations
for cultural tourism.
Tourism in
Indonesia is currently overseen by the Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Tourism. International tourism campaigns have
been focusing largely on its tropical destinations with white sand beaches,
blue sky, and cultural attractions. Beach resorts and hotels have been
developed in some popular tourist destinations, especially Bali island as the
primary destination. At the same time, the integration of cultural affairs and
tourism under the scope of the same ministry shows that cultural tourism is
considered an integral part of Indonesia's tourism industry, and conversely,
that tourism is used to promote and preserve the cultural heritage.
Some of the challenges Indonesia's tourism industry has to
face include the development of infrastructure to support tourism across the
sprawling archipelago, incursions of the industry into local traditions (adat), and the impact
of tourism development on the life of local people. The tourism industry in
Indonesia has also faced setbacks due to problems related to security. Since
2002, warnings have been issued by some countries over terrorist threats and
ethnic as well as religious conflicts in some areas, significantly reducing the
number of foreign visitors for a few years. However, the number of international tourists has bounced
back positively since 2007, and reached a new record in 2008 and then made a new record every year
and in 2012 set at 8,044,462 foreign tourists.
In 2013,
based on World
Economic Forum
survey, Indonesia got Tourism Competitiveness Index score 4.0 and rank at
number 70 (up from number 74 in 2011 and number 81 in 2009) from 140 countries. Aspects that need to be improved in
order to move up the rank ladder are; tourism and ICT infrastructures, health and hygiene, environmental sustainability, and
affinity for travel and tourism.
Branding
Main article: Wonderful Indonesia
In late January 2011 Culture and
Tourism Minister Jero Wacik announced that "wonderful indonesia" would
replace the previou“Visit Indonesia Year” branding used by the nations official tourism promotional
campaigns, although the logo of stylized curves Garuda remain.
The minister announced that in 2010, foreign tourists visiting Indonesia
touched 7 million and made predictions of 7.7 million in 2011. He was reported
as describing the new branding as reflecting "the country’s beautiful
nature, unique culture, varied food, hospitable people and price
competitiveness. “We expect each tourist will spend around US$1,100 and with an
optimistic target of 7.7 million arrivals, we will get $8.3 billion,” from
this. The Culture and Tourism Minister added that 50 percent of the revenue
would be generated from about 600 meetings, conventions and exhibitions that
were expected to take place in various places throughout the country 2011. He
further added in the announcements of January 2011 that his ministry would be
promoting the country’s attractions under the eco-cultural banner.
Nature tourism
Raja Ampat, one of the world's richest marine
biodiversity
Indonesia has a
well-preserved, natural ecosystem with rainforests that stretch over about 57% of
Indonesia's land (225 million acres), approximately 2% of which are mangrove systems. One reason why the natural ecosystem
in Indonesia is still well-preserved is because
only 6,000 islands out of 17,000 are permanently
inhabited. Forests on Sumatra and Java are examples of popular tourist destinations. Moreover, Indonesia has
one of longest coastlines in the world, measuring 54,716 kilometres
(33,999 mi), with a number of beaches and island resorts, such as those in southern Bali, Lombok, Bintan and Nias Island. However, most of the well-preserved
beaches are those in more isolated and less developed areas, such as Karimunjawa, the Togian Islands, and the Banda Islands.
Dive sites
With more than 17,508 islands, Indonesia presents ample diving opportunities. With 20%
of the world's coral reefs, over 3,000 different species of fish and 600 coral
species, deep water trenches, volcanic sea mounts, World War II wrecks, and an
endless variety of macro life, scuba diving in Indonesia is both excellent and
inexpensive.[33] Bunaken
National Marine Park,
at the northern tip of Sulawesi, claims to have seven times more
genera of coral than Hawaii,[34] and has more than 70% of all the
known fish species of the Indo-Western Pacific.[35] According to Conservation International, marine surveys suggest that the marine life diversity
in the Raja Ampat area is the highest recorded on
Earth.[36] Moreover, there are over 3,500 species living in Indonesian waters,
including sharks, dolphins, manta rays, turtles, morays, cuttlefish, octopus and scorpionfish, compared to 1,500 on the Great
Barrier Reef and 600
in the Red Sea.[37] Tulamben Bay in Bali boasts the wreck of the 120 metres (390 ft) U.S. Army commissioned transport vessel, the Liberty.[38] Other popular dive sites on Bali are
at Candidasa and Menjangan. Across the Badung Strait from Bali, there are several popular
dive sites on Nusa
Lembongan and Nusa Penida. Lombok's three Gilis (Gili Air, Gili Meno and Gili Trawangan) are popular as is Bangka. Some of the most famous diving sites
in Indonesia are also the most difficult to reach, with places like Biak off the coast of Papua and the Alor Archipelago among the popular, more remote,
destinations for divers.
Surf breaks
Surfing in Kuta beach, Bali
Surfing is also a popular water activity in
Indonesia and the sites are recognised as world class.[39] The well-known spots are mostly
located on the southern, Indian Ocean side of Indonesia, for example, the
large oceanic surf breaks on southern Java. However, the north coast does not receive the same surf from the Java Sea. Surf breaks can be found all the way
along Sumatra, down to Nusa Tenggara, including Aceh, Bali, Banten, Java, Lombok, the Mentawai Islands, and Sumbawa. Although Indonesia has many
world-class surfing spots, the majority of surfers are came from abroad,
especially Australia and United States. However, the seed of local surfing
enthusiast began develop in Bali and West Java's Pelabuhan Ratu and Pangandaran beach, mostly came from nearby cities
of Jakarta and Bandung. On Bali, there are about 33 surf spots, from West Bali
to East Bali including four on the offshore island of Nusa Lembongan. In Sumbawa, Hu'u and Lakey Beach in Cempi Bay are popular surfing spots among
surfing enthusiast. Sumatra is the second island, with the most number of surf
spots, with 18 altogether. The common time for surfing is around May to
September with the trade winds blowing from east to south-east. From October to
April, winds tend to come from the west to north-west, so the east coast breaks
get the offshore winds.[citation needed]
Two well-known surf breaks in
Indonesia are the G-Land in the Bay of Grajagan, East Java, and Lagundri Bay at the southern end of Nias island. G-Land was first identified in 1972, when a surfer saw the
break from the window of a plane. Since 6 to 8 foot (Hawaiian scale) waves were discovered by surfers at
Lagundri Bay in 1975, the island has become famous for surfing worldwide.[citation needed]
National parks
Main article:
List of national parks of Indonesia
Bogor
Botanical Gardens
established in 1817, and Cibodas
Botanical Gardens
established in 1862, are two among the oldest botanical gardens in Asia. With
rich collections of tropical plants, these gardens is the center of botanical
research as well as tourism attraction since colonial era.
There are 50 national parks
in Indonesia, of which six are World
Heritage listed. The
largest national parks in Sumatra are the 9,500-square-kilometre
(3,700 sq mi) Gunung Leuser National Park, the 13,750-square-kilometre (5,310 sq mi) Kerinci Seblat National Park and the 3,568-square-kilometre (1,378 sq mi) Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, all three recognised as Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra on the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Other national parks on the list are Lorentz
National Park in Papua, Komodo
National Park in the Lesser
Sunda Islands, and Ujung
Kulon National Park
in the west of Java.
To be noticed, different
national parks offer different biodiversity, as the natural habitat in
Indonesia is divided into two areas by the Wallace line. The Wallacea biogeographical distinction means the western part of
Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan) have the same flora and fauna
characteristics as the Asian continent, whilst the remaining
eastern part of Indonesia has similarity with the Australian continent.[31]
Many native species such as Sumatran elephants, Sumatran tigers, Sumatran
rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros and Orangutans are listed as endangered or critically
endangered, and the
remaining populations are found in national parks and other conservation areas. Sumatran
orangutan can be
visited in the Bukit
Lawang conservation
area, while the Bornean
orangutan can be
visited in Tanjung
Puting national park,
Central Kalimantan. The world’s largest flower, rafflesia arnoldi, and the tallest flower, titan arum, can be found in Sumatra.
The east side of the Wallacea
line offers the most remarkable, rarest, and exotic animals on earth.[40] Birds of Paradise, locally known as cendrawasih,
are plumed birds that can be found among other fauna
in Papua New Guinea.
The largest bird in Papua is the flightless cassowary. One species of lizard, the Komodo dragon can easily be found on Komodo, located in the Nusa Tenggara lesser
islands region. Besides Komodo island, this endangered species can also be
found on the islands of Rinca, Padar and Flores.[41]
Volcanoes
Hiking and camping in the mountains are popular
adventure activities. Some mountains contain ridge rivers, offering rafting activity. Though volcanic mountains can be dangerous, they have
become major tourist destinations. Several tourists have died on the slopes of Mount Rinjani, Indonesia's second highest volcano
and a popular destination for climbers visiting Lombok in eastern Indonesia.
Popular active volcanoes are the 2,329-metre (7,641 ft) high Mount Bromo in the East Java province with its scenic volcanic
desert around the crater, the upturned boat shaped Tangkuban Perahu and the volcanic crater Kawah Putih, north and south of Bandung respectively and both with drive-in
access up to the crater, the most active volcano in Java, Mount Merapi near yogyakarta and the legendary Krakatau with its new caldera known as anak krakatau (the
child of Krakatau). Gede Pangrango volcano in West Java is also a popular hiking
destination, especially among domestic hikers.
In Sumbawa, Mount Tambora with its historical massive volcanic
eruption back in 1815 that produced massive caldera also had gained attention
among hikers. In neighboring island of Flores, the three-colored volcanic crater-lake of Kelimutu is also hailed as one of Indonesia's
natural wonder and had attracted visitors worldwide. Puncak Jaya in the Lorentz
National Park, the
highest mountain in Indonesia and one of the few mountains with ice caps at the (tropical) equator[42][43] offers the opportunity of rock climbing. In Sumatra, there are the remains of
a supervolcano eruption that have created the landscape of Lake Toba close to Medan in North
Sumatra.
The ways to improve tourism in our country
1.Red tape and corruption
2.
Safety
3. Emergency evacuations
4. Easy bookings of hotels and resorts, train
and air services, cabs etc.I am sure if you handle even half of the above,
tourisim will grow like we see in Nepal. hospitality and great care to match it
up.
Well,
someone could try building some more popular tourist attractions!
Think
about what exactly a tourist is: a temporary, nonworking visitor to a country prepared to sp
residents of the host country. Tourism often has non-financial
benefits as well, end money and enjoy its local and
national treasures. It is not too difficult to imagine the economic benefits of a group of
people who pour money into the economy without taking any out. The industry
that develops to
house, feed, and otherwise support these visitors provides jobs for the as the
desire to draw tourists (for economic reasons) leads to the construction of monuments and museums and the continuation and funding of
colourful festivals, thereby ensuring
the preservation of a region's unique history and culture.
Share this
Klik if you like :